Interview evidence
Use interviews to understand:- triggers and workflow sequence;
- decisions and approvals;
- exceptions;
- workarounds;
- handoffs;
- pain points;
- system switching;
- why known problems persist;
- differences between the intended process and actual work.
Screen observation
Use screen observation when participants perform granular on-screen work that is difficult to describe accurately from memory alone. It can reveal manual copying, repeated checking, navigation between systems and hidden workarounds. The screen may show what happened; the participant interview helps explain why.Triangulate across people
No single stakeholder should automatically be treated as the whole truth. Compare leadership, process-owner, frontline and adjacent-team perspectives.Evidence quality checklist
For each important finding, ask:- What is the source?
- Is it direct evidence or interpretation?
- Is it representative or exceptional?
- Does another stakeholder support or contradict it?
- What would change our conclusion?

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